Explained

An FCA cryptoasset registration means anti-money-laundering supervision under the Money Laundering Regulations — not FCA approval of the business, and not the authorisation the regulator gives banks and investment firms under FSMA.

Reported 24-hour volume is a number exchanges supply themselves. Here is what CoinMarketCap, CoinGecko, Coin Metrics and Nomics actually do to filter it, and how current or dated each of those checks really is.

A limit order promises a price but not a fill. A market order promises a fill but not a price. A stop order promises neither until it triggers. The SEC's, FINRA's and CME Group's own documentation shows what each one actually does to an execution.

Grayscale's SEC-filed prospectus documents GBTC's sponsor, custodian and creation-and-redemption mechanics in detail, and Grayscale's own release lays out the 2024 Bitcoin Mini Trust spinoff precisely. What no full-text source here confirms is GBTC's fee, or whether and when its legal structure changed from a trust to an exchange-traded fund.

Three numbers circulate for Lido's share of staked ether — 46.5%, roughly 23%, and "over 32%" — and none of them measure the same thing on the same date.

A wash trade creates reported volume without any real buyer or seller. Here is the legal definition, the mechanics, the statistical methods researchers use to find it, and what the resulting figures do and do not prove about any exchange today.

A collapsed token price looks the same whether it was stolen or just failed. The difference is in what the contract and the people controlling it actually did.

A stablecoin held in a wallet earns nothing. What people call 'stablecoin yield' is actually two different things — interest issuers keep for themselves, and returns holders can earn by putting the token to work elsewhere.

Hash rate is never measured directly. It is inferred from difficulty and how fast blocks are actually found — and difficulty itself only moves every 2,016 blocks, capped at 4x in either direction.

A staking reward is never paid out of another staker's principal. It comes from newly issued tokens and transaction fees — but Ethereum splits those into two separate payment layers, while Cosmos-SDK chains pool and split them in one step.

Cold storage means a private key has never touched the internet. That stops remote theft cold, but it says nothing about who holds the key, or whether a customer's balance is anything more than an entry on the exchange's books.

A contract address can't be duplicated the way a name or ticker can, but that doesn't mean the address tells you everything. What can still go wrong even when it matches.

Segregation keeps customer money out of the pool general creditors fight over, but what it guarantees depends on which country's insolvency law applies to the failed firm, and sometimes on whether the account is held alone or pooled.

The identity file you submit to pass KYC checks does not stay with the exchange alone, and it does not disappear when you close your account or ask for it to be deleted. Here is where it goes, who is legally required to hold it, and for how long.

A wallet signature proves you control a private key. Whether it can be replayed to move funds depends on the signing format - and Ethereum, Bitcoin and Cardano each define more than one.

Walking the constant product formula through a real pool shows why the price you pay is never quite the price you were quoted.

Pause, freeze, wipe, delete, rescue: what named admin functions in Aave's and Hedera's own documentation actually permit, and why a multisig changes who holds that power rather than removing it.

How circulating, total and max supply relate, what unlocks do to price, who controls the schedule, and which audit numbers are methodology versus marketing.